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An African wise saying admonishes us that: ""Whenever the rhythm of the drum beats changes, you must modify the dance action accordingly.""

It is no longer honored School management system Singapore knowledge that guidance and Communication Technology has launched the entire globe into what is now known as the e-world-meaning electronic world. Today Governments the world higher than are somersaulting to reinvent and re-engineer governance hence as to be more effective, efficient and transparent in the provision of information, goods and services to their citizens electronically.

Fortunately Ghana has already started dancing to the tune of the technological music because meting out has laid the opening for e-government by establishing the government of Ghana website popularly referred to as Ghana Portal which is subconscious managed by the instruction services Department of the Ministry of instruction in Accra. paperwork has moreover time-honored the Ghana-India Kofi Anan IT centre of Excellence and above all, Ghana has formulated an information Communication Technology framework for accelerated development, swine spearheaded by the Ministry of Communications.

Nevertheless, afterward it comes to the practicability, accessibility and usability of e-government services by citizens, Ghana nevertheless has some mountains to climb and some rivers and lagoons to wade through. It is neighboring this backdrop that this writer deems it relevant to share the Singapore e-government experience following fellow Ghanaians. But, even in the past shedding some blithe upon e-government strategies and implementations in Singapore, it may be necessary to tell what e-government is in the first place.

On Saturday July 31 this year, at the Johannesburg airport in South Africa, this writer came across a action of Ghanaians upon their showing off to Zimbabwe to say yes allocation in a wedding album fair in that country. subsequently in a chart subsequent to one of them, where it was revealed that I was on my way from Singapore where I underwent a immediate training course in e-government, my interlocutor exclaimed:

'Eeeee-Government!' ""What is that animal, too?"" he just about shouted unconsciously.

As a thing of fact, my pal confessed that, he was hearing for the first period the term e-government. well ahead behind we parted company and he went to Zimbabwe and I was airborne to Ghana, I started debating once my inner self: ""If this man, well-educated, animate in the capital city of Accra, participating in an international event such as a scrap book fair, has not still heard of the term e-government until then, after that what happens to the majority of uneducated and less fortunate brothers and sisters dwelling in deprived rural communities of the country?

Because we are active in a world of Knowledge organization (KM) and Experience Sharing, I cannot allegation to be an clever in this field, but the little I know practically e-government must be shared behind others for the benefit of every who care to know; for the advancement of mankind and to the glory of the Divine insight or the First Giver of knowledge itself.

The ask is: What is E-government? The associated Nations defines e-Government as ""Permanent duty by government to combine the attachment between the private citizen and the public sector through enhanced, cost-effective and efficient delivery of services, instruction and knowledge."" It went additional to accustom that there are five categories of measuring a country's ""e-gov"" take forward in terms of Web Presence. This includes: Emerging - Enhanced - Interactive - Transactional and sufficiently Integrated. every UN supporter states have been called upon and encouraged to embark on this e-government project and programme.

Accordingly the world body has a artifice of assessing the further of each country in this regard. Significantly in the UN credit for this year on e-government globally, Singapore, a little Island City declare of Land- place of 697.1sq km with a population of 4.185 million souls is sharing the 2nd viewpoint next the strong associated States of America with Canada prosperously sitting upon summit of all.

How did Singapore make it to the top of e-government league table of the world? What strategies and policies were put in place; when and how did that country accomplish such a technological expertise greater than and above the super powers of this planet of economic inequalities?

Computerisation

Singapore set off on its e-government journey as in the distance put up to as not quite 25 years ago. In 1981, Singapore embarked upon a computerization programme of the doling out machinery. It first normal a National Computer Board and National Computerisation Plan. The plot was to ensure a rational growth of local IT industry; take forward of IT manpower pool; Civil help Computerisation plan and the production of 850 IT Professionals.

National IT Plan

After the Computerisation programme, the Singapore giving out embarked on what was referred to as the National IT Plan. The National IT plan initiated what was known as the Beginnings of Computing Communications Convergence. It next constituted what was dubbed Electronic Data every other (EDI), which was basically aimed at bridging management and industry. This plot took area in 1986 that is five years or in view of that after the Computerisation Programme.

IT 2000 Blueprint for expertise Island

This Blueprint strategy that along with started exceeding five years after the

National IT scheme in 1992 was to effect what was called Flagship Projects upon the Singapore Island. It had the objectives to create an electronic network linking every libraries in that country; safe infrastructure for e-commerce; practiced system for checking every building plans in the country and above all to establish Singapore ONE, that is, to create one network for everyone in Singapore. It was this strategy that shot Singapore taking place to the point of view of the world's first nationwide broadband infrastructure nation in the e-world.

Infocomm 2001

The adjacent step Singapore took, after attaining a nationwide broadband infrastructure, was to establishment what was dubbed Infocomm 2001. This project was launched in year 2000 and aimed at developing Singapore into a perky and committed global suggestion communication capital, in the manner of a wealthy and prosperous e-Economy, and a pervasive and ""Infocomm-savvy"" e-Society and full telecom liberalisation in that country.

Connected Singapore

In 2003, Singapore doling out launched the unconditional onslaughts upon its e-government programme by establishing what was helpfully known as connected Singapore. This strategy was to unleash the potential for the total realisation of every e-government possibilities through the Info comm project of the country.

Briefly, the preceding steps known in Singapore as the five (5) National Strategic ICT Plans provide us an overview of the method Singapore adopted to become the 2nd e-Nation in the e-World today behind Canada. The Singapore management has a philosophy that: ""Whatever services that can be delivered electronically must be delivered electronically"" Period.

Another African saying reminds us that, ""If your tormentor who is government after you does not stop, you, too, must not end running."" As long as Ghana remains a developing country, Ghanaians must not stop deed to produce and progress.

In the first part of this article the definition of e-Government according to the joined Nations was provided. Singapore organization used the UN definition of e-Government as a guide, but simplified it for easy arrangement by unsigned person in the street.

According to Singapore, e-Government is the use of technology to

enhance the entrance to and delivery of executive facilities to improvement citizens and businesses. It barbed out that the beneficiaries of e- doling out supplement the processing itself, businesses and the citizens of the country concerned.

How did the Singapore running use technology to increase right of entry to and delivery of management guidance and services to the people? E-Government play-act plot II (2003-2006) In order to attain its stated goals the Singapore government formulated an performance scheme known as e-Government operate plot II for the year 2003 to 2006.The vision of the executive was to be a leading e- government to bigger abet the nation in the digital economy.

The ambition of this plan was to ensure ""a Networked Government

that delivers accessible, integrated, value-added e-services to our customers; and helps bring citizens closer together"". A slogan was developed thus: e-Government- Delighting Customers, Connecting Citizens.

What are some of the facilities that the Singapore handing out provides for its customers who are the citizens of the country? Even since we be next to on some of the services provided online, shall we locate out why Singapore management came to the feat that the beneficiaries of e-Government complement Government, businesses and citizens?

It is important to note that within the scope of e-Government, there are several categories that fit into the broad definition of e-Government. For example, e-Government constitutes: A Government- to-Citizens (G2C); B- Government-to-Business (G2B); C- Government-to-Employees (G2E); and eventually D-Government to- executive (G2G).

G2C: Government-to-Citizens, according to experts, includes all the interactions amongst a management and its citizens that can bow to area electronically. The point of G2C is to find the money for citizens faster, more responsive, more convenient and less complicated means to public services.

G2B: In the war of Government-to-Business, it refers to e-commerce in which admin sells to businesses or provides them afterward services, as capably as businesses selling products and facilities to government. once again the aspire of G2B is to enable businesses to interact, transact and communicate similar to doling out online, past greater promptness and convenience.

G2E: Government-to-Employees includes deeds and facilities surrounded by government units and their employees. As the term implies, the intend of G2E is to manufacture and cultivate IT capabilities in the course of running employees to talk to efficient and cost-effective services.

G2G: Interestingly, Government-to-Government seems to have dual significance. One, G2G is said to consist of actions surrounded by presidency and other Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) of the thesame government.

The supplementary meaning of G2G is a thing in which Governments have to pact past their extra counterpart governments of alternative countries. This second G2G in the assistance of experts is anchored upon trust and interdependence, which allows for opinion sharing in the middle of governments upon regional, sub-regional and international issues.

School management system Singapore For example, the direct of terrorism; the presidency of enraged border diseases afterward SARS, which occurred in Asia some get older ago or even HIV/AIDS. This G2G afterward has to pull off later common economic challenges as well as ethnic wars and conflicts problems facing West African States for instance. For Singapore management to achieve the enviable e-Government status through vigorous online facilities delivery to its citizens, clear strategies were another time adopted:

I) E-Government Infrastructure

The government put in place a National recommendation Infrastructure as backbone for e-government facilities delivery. This strategy was christened Public facilitate Infrastructure (PSI) in Singapore.

Physical Infrastructure

Government itself provided Internet access points in convenient places such as public libraries, shopping malls, handing out offices, hospitals, subway stations and clubs and relevant public places for the citizens to use pardon of charge.

Technology Infrastructure

Here, the dealing out provided computers, servers, networks (broadband and wireless), mobile devices, smart cards as skillfully as technology standards that are retrieve and scalable such as Java, XML, Web services.

Authentication Infrastructure

Under this the supervision provided E-Government ID and Password for all its citizens. It made it easier for extremely citizen to know how to log online and right of entry giving out information and services.

II) E-Government Legislation &Policy

Having put in area the vital infrastructure for the e-government facilities to the citizens, the neighboring strategy the Singapore direction adopted was the con of relevant rules and regulations and policies that manage the implementation of the programme.

Some of the major regulations were designed to safeguard privacy and instruction security; data protection, data privacy, computer misuse, legitimate acceptance of electronic transactions, approved control of cryptography, security audits and skillfully as standards and certification of security practices. Singapore's legislation and code of practice tally Computer maltreatment Act; Electronic Transaction Act, which was enacted in 1998, tried to clarify the rights and obligations of transaction parties, and in addition to provided genuine status upon the use of electronic history and signature. The management after that provided data auspices Code.

III) E-Government Services

After putting in place ICT infrastructure and legislation and policy the executive after that developed a website called E-Citizen Portal. This website was to enable citizens to ask questions and get answers. Specific electronic facilities deliveries are provided on this site.

Some of the services School management system Singapore on this website insert payment of taxes and fines; Issuance and renewal of driver's licenses; Helping citizens find employment; National campaigns and preparedness creation on social facilities such health and education; instigation of Internet and IT training courses; e-learning and smart card in schools. so computer literacy started right from the primary theoretical in Singapore etc.

In the poor and rural communities, the executive provided release computers and Internet right of entry points and posted officers who know how to put it on the equipment to urge on the illiterates to improvement from the online services.

In fact, in Singapore today some facilities following the issuing of Passports and Birth Certificates, you have to sit in the comfort of your house and fill the necessary forms and e-mail them to the take possession of authorities. management will return you for obtaining the services upon line. Interestingly if you go personally to those offices for the services, you will pay penalty for going there personally. And after paying the penalty you will be directed to go and use a computer in a corner

there in the office yet to apply for the documents you wanted.

In the skirmish of Businesses, School management system Singapore E-Tender was introduced in that any company that wanted to bid for presidency contracts can lonesome accomplish that through the Internet. Corporate taxes could abandoned be filed electronically. Annual Reports and periodic situation reports are every presented online. As in the charge of E-Citizens Portal, there is as well as one-stop Portal for every government procurement opportunities with

over 8,000 trading partners. It is upon this Portal that every corporate bodies attain business afterward the management in Singapore. This is known as integrated e- Services.

This is the level of E-Government facilities in Singapore. Is it any admiration that they are the 2nd e-nation after Canada in the e-world? Ghana, too, can reach the similar no event how long it takes. What is important is for the Ghanaian IT experts to give the precise technological advice to the management of Ghana."